1001Philosophers

Francis Hutcheson 1694 – 1746

Francis Hutcheson was an Irish-born philosopher and the leading figure of the early Scottish Enlightenment. As professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow, he taught the young Adam Smith and shaped the moral-sense tradition that runs through Hume, Smith, and Reid. His Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue developed Shaftesbury's moral sense into a more systematic theory, while his System of Moral Philosophy anticipated the utilitarian formula of the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers. His political philosophy defended a right of resistance against tyrannical government.

Key facts

Nationality
Irish-Scottish
Era
Modern
Movements
Scottish Enlightenment, Enlightenment

Selected quotes

  • Attributed to Francis Hutcheson:

    “That action is best which procures the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers.”

  • Attributed to Francis Hutcheson:

    “Wisdom is the pursuit of the best ends by the best means.”

  • Attributed to Francis Hutcheson:

    “Beauty is uniformity amidst variety.”

  • Attributed to Francis Hutcheson:

    “Benevolence is natural to us, as much as is self-love.”

  • Attributed to Francis Hutcheson:

    “The moral sense is the gift of nature, not the construction of reflection.”