1001 Philosophers - Quotes, Biographies and Schools of Thought

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• Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180, Roman)

  Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 AD and the last of the so-called Five Good Emperors. He is remembered as much for his philosophical writing...

• Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC, Roman)

  Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer, and philosopher of the late Roman Republic, who served as consul in 63 BC and was murdered in 43...

• Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 – 1980, French)

  Jean-Paul Sartre was a 20th-century French philosopher, playwright, novelist, and political activist, the leading public exponent of existentialism in the po...

• Seneca the Younger (4 BC – 65, Roman)

  Lucius Annaeus Seneca, commonly known as Seneca the Younger, was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist of the first century. He served as tutor...

• Voltaire (1694 – 1778, French)

  Francois-Marie Arouet, known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit and his advocacy of c...

• Albert Camus (1913 – 1960, French)

  Albert Camus was a 20th-century French philosopher, novelist, and journalist, born in French Algeria, who developed the philosophical position known as absur...

• Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430, Roman)

  Augustine of Hippo was a Roman-African theologian and philosopher whose work shaped Western Christianity and Latin philosophy for the next millennium. His Co...

• Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970, British)

  Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and political activist whose work is foundational to 20th-century analytic philosophy. W...

• Confucius (551 BC – 479 BC, Chinese)

  Confucius was a Chinese philosopher and political teacher of the Spring and Autumn period. His teachings, recorded by disciples in the Analects, emphasize pe...

• Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882, American)

  Ralph Waldo Emerson was a 19th-century American essayist, lecturer, and poet, the leading figure of the Transcendentalist movement in New England. His 1841 c...

• Edmund Burke (1729 – 1797, Irish)

  Edmund Burke was an Irish-born British statesman and political philosopher, often regarded as the founder of modern conservatism. As a member of Parliament h...

• Karl Marx (1818 – 1883, German)

  Karl Marx was a 19th-century German philosopher, economist, historian, and revolutionary socialist whose work founded the tradition of thought that bears his...

• Leo Tolstoy (1828 – 1910, Russian)

  Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian novelist and moral philosopher whose two great novels, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are among the supreme achievem...

• Michel de Montaigne (1533 – 1592, French)

  Michel de Montaigne was a French Renaissance philosopher and the inventor of the modern essay. Withdrawing in middle age to his tower library, he composed th...

• Rumi (1207 – 1273, Persian)

  Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi was a thirteenth-century Persian poet, jurist, and Sufi mystic, born in what is now Afghanistan and settling at Konya in Anatolia....

• Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955, German-American)

  Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist whose work revolutionized the scientific understanding of space, time, energy, and matter. His 1905 p...

• Julian of Norwich (1343 – 1416, English)

  Julian of Norwich was an English anchoress and the author of the Revelations of Divine Love, the first surviving book in English written by a woman. At thirt...

• Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 – 1951, Austrian)

  Ludwig Wittgenstein was an Austrian-British philosopher whose work transformed 20th-century analytic philosophy. His 1921 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, wri...

• Swami Vivekananda (1863 – 1902, Indian)

  Narendranath Datta, known as Swami Vivekananda, was an Indian Hindu monk and the principal disciple of the mystic Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. His address at the...

• Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948, Indian)

  Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, political leader, and philosopher who developed the doctrine and practice of satya...

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