Friedrich Engels 1820 – 1895

Friedrich Engels was a 19th-century German philosopher, social scientist, and revolutionary, the closest collaborator of Karl Marx and a co-founder of the tradition of thought that bears Marx's name. With Marx he co-authored the Communist Manifesto in 1848 and The German Ideology, and after Marx's death he prepared the second and third volumes of Capital for publication. His own works, including The Condition of the Working Class in England, Anti-Duhring, and The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, applied the materialist conception of history to industrial capitalism, philosophy, and the family. He spent much of his adult life in Manchester managing the family textile business that supported Marx and his family financially. His expositions did much to shape Marxism into a systematic worldview after Marx's death.