Justus Lipsius 1547 – 1606

Justus Lipsius was a Flemish humanist and philosopher and the central figure in the late Renaissance revival of Stoicism. After holding chairs at Jena, Leiden, and Louvain and changing religious affiliation more than once, he produced the first systematic modern presentation of Stoic philosophy in two complementary treatises, the Manuductio ad Stoicam Philosophiam and the Physiologia Stoicorum. His earlier dialogue On Constancy offered a Stoic consolation for the religious wars of his time. His critical editions of Tacitus and Seneca shaped European political and moral thought for two centuries.