1001Philosophers

Karl Polanyi 1886 – 1964

Karl Polanyi was a Hungarian-American economic historian, social theorist, and political philosopher. After service in the Austro-Hungarian army and a period of activism in Vienna, he emigrated to England and then to the United States, where he taught at Bennington and Columbia. His Great Transformation argued that the self-regulating market is not a natural human institution but a deliberate construction whose costs to human society generate a double movement of resistance and re-embedding. His comparative work on archaic economies, in Trade and Market in the Early Empires, helped to inaugurate substantivist economic anthropology.

Key facts

Nationality
Hungarian-American
Era
Contemporary
Movements
Continental

Selected quotes

  • Attributed to Karl Polanyi:

    “The road to the free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism.”

  • Attributed to Karl Polanyi:

    “Society is the way human beings hold together.”

  • Attributed to Karl Polanyi:

    “Labor, land, and money are essentially fictitious commodities.”

  • Attributed to Karl Polanyi:

    “The market has been the outcome of a conscious and often violent intervention on the part of government.”

  • Attributed to Karl Polanyi:

    “Power and economic value are a paradigm of social reality.”