Liu Zongzhou Quotes

Liu Zongzhou, known as Liu Jishan, was a Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher and political figure of the late Ming dynasty, the leader of the Donglin movement of moral-political renewal in the years before the Ming collapse, and one of the principal interpreters of the Wang Yangming school of mind in its late phase. His works, including the Renpu and Reflections on Things at Hand, deepened the Yangming program by giving it a sustained philosophical foundation in the doctrine of guarding solitude, in which the moral self is constituted in the strict practice of attention to one's own most private intentions. The quotes below are attributed to Liu Zongzhou, organized by topic.