1001Philosophers

Miskawayh Quotes

Ahmad ibn Muhammad Miskawayh was a Persian Islamic philosopher, historian, and bureaucrat at the Buyid court in Baghdad, and the most important Islamic moral philosopher between al-Razi and al-Ghazali. His Tahdhib al-Akhlaq, The Refinement of Character, translated and synthesized Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, Galen, and Neoplatonic ethical writings into a single Islamic system of virtue ethics, in which character is formed by habit toward a mean of action proper to the rational soul. The quotes below are attributed to Miskawayh, organized by topic.

Miskawayh on Justice

  • Attributed to Miskawayh:

    “Justice is the virtue that holds all the others together.”

Miskawayh on Knowledge

  • Attributed to Miskawayh:

    “The wisdom of the Greeks, the Persians, and the Indians is one wisdom in many languages.”

Miskawayh on Love

  • Attributed to Miskawayh:

    “Friendship is the highest political relation, and the most personal as well.”

Miskawayh on Mind

  • Attributed to Miskawayh:

    “He who refines his character makes the soul a fitting dwelling for reason.”

Miskawayh on Virtue

  • Attributed to Miskawayh:

    “Character is shaped by habit; habit is shaped by deliberate choice.”