1001Philosophers

Protagoras 490 BC – 420 BC

Protagoras of Abdera was a Greek thinker traditionally counted as the first of the Sophists. He traveled widely as a teacher of rhetoric and civic virtue, charging substantial fees, and spent much time in Athens, where he was a friend of Pericles. His best-known doctrine, that man is the measure of all things, has been read since Plato as a thoroughgoing relativism about truth and value. He also professed agnosticism about the gods, a stance for which his works were reportedly burned in Athens.

Key facts

Nationality
Greek
Era
Ancient
Movements
Sophism, Ancient Greek

Selected quotes

  • Attributed to Protagoras:

    “Man is the measure of all things: of those that are, that they are; of those that are not, that they are not.”

  • Attributed to Protagoras:

    “Concerning the gods, I am unable to know whether they exist or do not exist, nor what their nature is; many things prevent such knowledge: the obscurity of the matter and the brevity of human life.”

  • Attributed to Protagoras:

    “About every matter there are two arguments opposed to each other.”

  • Attributed to Protagoras:

    “Education does not take root in the soul unless one goes deep.”

  • Attributed to Protagoras:

    “Virtue can be taught.”