1001Philosophers

Thomas Kuhn 1922 – 1996

Thomas Samuel Kuhn was an American historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions changed how the development of the natural sciences is understood. Trained originally as a physicist at Harvard, he turned to the history of science and produced studies of the Copernican revolution and of the early quantum theory before publishing the great synthetic work that introduced the vocabulary of paradigms, normal science, anomalies, crises, and revolutionary change. He spent most of his career at Princeton and MIT. The Essential Tension and The Road since Structure refined his account in response to four decades of debate.

Key facts

Nationality
American
Era
Contemporary
Movements
Analytic

Selected quotes

  • Attributed to Thomas Kuhn:

    “Normal science means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements.”

  • Attributed to Thomas Kuhn:

    “Crises are the necessary preludes to the emergence of new theories.”

  • Attributed to Thomas Kuhn:

    “Two scientists working in different paradigms see different worlds.”

  • Attributed to Thomas Kuhn:

    “A paradigm is what the members of a scientific community share.”

  • Attributed to Thomas Kuhn:

    “Out of context, the new is unintelligible to the old.”